Tuberculosis: Epidemiology, Clinical Impact, and Strategies for Prevention and Control

Authors

  • Dr. Meena sudhan ¹Indian Institute of Public Health, neru nagar, India Author
  • Dr. Basha Ali CBC National Center,chennai india Author
  • Dr. Suno Daluga³ institute of Health ,Mexico Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5678/91q7cd21

Keywords:

Health systems, zoonotic threats, healthcare, global health security

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality due to infectious 
diseases worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Caused by Mycobacterium 
tuberculosis, TB primarily affects the lungs but can also involve extrapulmonary sites such as lymph 
nodes, bones, and the central nervous system. Despite the availability of effective diagnostic tools and 
curative treatment regimens, TB continues to pose significant public health challenges due to delayed 
diagnosis, drug resistance, HIV co-infection, and socioeconomic determinants. This review examines 
the global and regional epidemiology of tuberculosis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023). Tuberculosis (TB): Data and statistics. U.S.

Department of Health and Human Services.

Lönnroth, K., Castro, K. G., Chakaya, J. M., Chauhan, L. S., Floyd, K., Glaziou, P., & Raviglione, M.

C. (2015). Tuberculosis control and elimination 2010–50: Cure, care, and social development. The

Lancet, 385(9979), 1814–1829. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60483-7

Pai, M., Behr, M. A., Dowdy, D., Dheda, K., Divangahi, M., Boehme, C. C., Ginsberg, A., &

Swaminathan, S. (2016). Tuberculosis. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 2, 16076.

https://doi.org/10.1038/nrdp.2016.76

Raviglione, M. C., & Sulis, G. (2016). Tuberculosis 2015: Burden, challenges and strategy for control

and elimination. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 214(Suppl. 2), S77–S87.

https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiw269

Stop TB Partnership. (2022). Global plan to end TB 2023–2030. United Nations Office for Project

Services.

World Bank. (2020). Ending tuberculosis in India: A multisectoral response. World Bank Publications.

World Health Organization. (2023). Global tuberculosis report 2023. World Health Organization.

Downloads

Published

2025-01-10

Issue

Vol. 1 No. 1 (2025): Volume 1, Issue 1 – December ( 2025)

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2025 Infectious Diseases Journal - Global Research

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.