Impact of Air Pollution on Respiratory Health: A Public Health Perspective

Abstract

Air pollution is a major environmental health concern that significantly contributes 
to the global burden of respiratory diseases. Rapid urbanization, industrial growth, 
and increased vehicular emissions have led to higher concentrations of harmful air 
pollutants, including particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, and 
ground-level ozone. Continuous exposure to these pollutants adversely affects 
respiratory health by triggering airway inflammation, reducing lung function, and 
increasing the risk of respiratory infections, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary 
disease, and lung cancer. Vulnerable populations such as children, the elderly, and 
individuals with pre-existing respiratory conditions are particularly at risk due to 
prolonged and repeated exposure.